Dr. Jeff Masters' WunderBlog

Invest now to improve tornado warnings; an early start to hurricane season?
Posted by: Dr. Jeff Masters, 4:24 PM GMT op 27 mei 2011 +6
The Atlantic hurricane season officially begin on Wednesday, June 1, and recent computer model runs predict that we may have some early-season action in the Central Caribbean Sea to coincide with the start of this year's season. The GFS, NOGAPS, and ECMWF models have all indicated in some of their recent runs that a tropical disturbance may form between Jamaica and Central America sometime in the May 31 - June 2 time frame, as a lobe of the Eastern Pacific Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) pushes across Central America into the Caribbean. Up until now, wind shear has been too high to allow tropical storm formation in the Caribbean, due to the presence of the Subtropical Jet Stream. However, this jet is expected to push northwards over Cuba over the coming week, allowing a region of low wind shear to develop over most of the Caribbean. Water temperatures in the Central Caribbean are about 1°C above average, 29°C, which is plenty warm enough to support development of a tropical storm. The main impediment to development will probably be lack of spin, as we don't have any African tropical waves that are expected to enter the Caribbean Sea next week, to help get things spinning. Stay tuned.


Figure 1. Satellite image of Typhoon Songda.

Typhoon Songda heads for Okinawa and Japan
Typhoon Songda brushed the Philippines yesterday, bringing heavy rains that killed at least two people. Fortunately, the brunt of this year's first Category 5 storm missed the islands, and Songda has weakened slightly to a Category 4 storm with 145 mph winds. Songda is turning northwards and will threaten the island of Okinawa on Saturday. Sea surface temperatures decline rapidly north of the Philippines, and Songda is expected to weaken significantly before reaching Okinawa, where sea surface temperatures are approximately 26°C. Wind shear will also increase to high levels by Saturday, and Songda should be at most a Category 2 typhoon by the time it reaches Okinawa. On Sunday,

Invest now for better tornado warnings
National Weather Service forecasters issued a tornado warning 24 minutes in advance of the Joplin, Missouri tornado this.week, which is now being blamed for at least 132 deaths--the deadliest U.S. tornado since at least 1947. However, we can do better, and the National Weather Service Employees Organization (NWSEO) put out a press release on May 23, arguing that investments in weather service forecasting technology are needed to reduce loss of life in future violent tornadoes:

"The 24-minute lead time is a great improvement over the average lead time of 13 minutes for tornado warnings. The meteorologists in the Springfield Weather Forecast Office are commended for their lifesaving work," said Dan Sobien, NWSEO President. "But in our age of advanced technology and communication, when new radars and modeling opportunities exist that can provide more lead time to get people out of the path of a storm, hundreds of people do not have to die because of a tornado event."

Sobien says the Joplin and Tuscaloosa tornadoes are examples of how the government's neglect to invest in NWS related infrastructure over the last 10 to 15 years has failed to provide the tools necessary to protect lives and property. He says that the tools forecasters use to issue tornado warnings are woefully inadequate and that the technology exists to provide lead times so far in advance of the storm that it would make the need for tornado warnings as we know them obsolete. "The much touted Doppler Weather Radar, also known as the Weather Service Radar or WSR-88D, was developed in 1988. Since that time, technological advances, including phased array radars developed by the Department of Defense, have been shown to increase the current lead time on tornado warnings by almost 50 percent."

"The much touted Warn on Forecast process utilizes Meso-scale modeling and has the potential to let forecasters know hours in advance where a thunderstorm would form and if it is likely to contain strong winds, hail, or even a tornado. With adequate staffing, local National Weather Service forecasters who understand local terrain and the model output, could be embedded with emergency managers and decision makers. In the event of a storm, the forecaster could provide emergency managers with the tornado track with some margin of error and people in the way of the storm could be evacuated hours before the tornado hits. This technology is being developed and tested right now, however without funding it will never be available."

"The art and science of severe weather warnings made considerable progress during the 1980s and 90s, going from almost zero lead time to average of about 13 minutes for tornado warnings. However, in recent years, that progress has stalled, even while the technological advancements have accelerated. If the country made the type of investment in the National Weather Service that it did in the 1980s, scenes like the ones in Missouri this week and in Alabama and Mississippi last month could be a thing of the past."

"I am very proud of my co-workers at the National Weather Service this tornado season. They saved many lives and having been there myself, I can assure you, they feel personally about every lost life," said Sobien. "I know that budgets are tight and there are many priorities, but if you put investing in the National Weather Service up to a vote today in tornado alley, I think the approval would be a landslide."


I wholeheartedly agree with this view--investments in better tornado forecasts and tornado observing technology will potentially give us a huge return in lives saved. Have a great holiday weekend, everyone, and I'll be back Monday or Tuesday with a new post.


Jeff Masters
Tornado Power (Betty2)
Sunday, LaCrosse, WI a tornado hit. This is a photo of a 2x4 board that slammed through a tire.. and, freaky, but it left the air in the tire! Photo was taken by my neighbor, Lori Hines, Gays Mills WI.
Tornado Power
25 May, (rdjgonzo)
May 25, 2011 at 7:10pm. Picture taken from Bartlett (Shelby County) TN.
25 May,
What A Storm (llpj04)
What A Storm
Categories: Tornado
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2451. IKE 11:50 AM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
(CNN) -- Officials in Joplin, Missouri, trimmed the list of people still missing Monday, more than a week after the most-deadly U.S.tornado in more than 60 years tore through the city.

Twenty-nine people remain unaccounted for, down from 43 on Sunday, according to the Missouri Department of Public Safety. That figure includes three people whose families have reported them as dead.
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2452. IKE 11:56 AM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
SYNOPSIS FOR CARIBBEAN SEA AND TROPICAL N ATLC FROM 07N TO 22N
BETWEEN 55W AND 65W
530 AM EDT TUE MAY 31 2011

.SYNOPSIS...WINDS WILL INCREASE OVER THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN
CARIBBEAN THROUGH WED BETWEEN SLOWLY DEVELOPING LOW PRES OVER
THE SW CARIBBEAN AND HIGH PRES N OF THE AREA. THE STRONGEST
WINDS WILL LIE IN THE N CENTRAL CARIBBEAN. A TROPICAL WAVE WILL
MOVE INTO THE SE CARIBBEAN TODAY AND THEN NW ACROSS THE S
CENTRAL CARIBBEAN LATE TONIGHT THROUGH EARLY WED. BROAD LOW PRES
IS EXPECTED TO MEANDER ACROSS THE W CARIBBEAN THU THROUGH SAT.
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2453. Bitmap7 11:58 AM GMT op 31 mei 2011    


You can see those thunderheads bellowing up in Vis.
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2454. TropicalAnalystwx13 11:58 AM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
It took Alex over a week to develop last year and it was in a better shear environment than our potential Arlene.



Meanwhile, looks interesting, but nothing will come from it...

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2455. IKE 12:03 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
I hope that moisture from the Caribbean makes it up into the northern GOM. We need some rain.
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2456. hydrus 12:05 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Quoting IKE:
I hope that moisture from the Caribbean makes it up into the northern GOM. We need some rain.
It appears that low pressure will be sticking around the Western Caribbean for quite some time time...GFS at 216 hours...
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2457. Jax82 12:11 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
16 hours til Hurricane Season officially starts!
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2459. hydrus 12:16 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Quoting Jax82:
16 hours til Hurricane Season officially starts!
And of course the NOGAPS has a storm down there...
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2460. hydrus 12:18 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
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2461. Bitmap7 12:19 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
The MM5 model run has a north then west kind of track

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2462. KEEPEROFTHEGATE (Mod) 12:19 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
blog page update completed for the season come check it out

Link
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2463. islander101010 12:19 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
the low pressure might drag all the moisture north of the greater antillias into to it while also absorbing this low amplitude energy coming from its east. every system during the formation stage are different. just a guess big bend area 10days as a large tropical storm
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2464. Bitmap7 12:20 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Link to MM5

Link
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2465. HurricaneSwirl 12:27 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Quoting Hurricanes101:


exactly when you mess with the strength of a storm you are also affecting what ends up steering it.


I wasn't aware cloud seeding was actually effective enough to push a tropical cyclone into a different steering level. That's really interesting.
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2466. weathermanwannabe 12:38 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Good Morning...I think it is going to be a long wait for something in the SW Caribbean. As far as something flourishing later on down the road towards the Gulf, lots of factors against it right now not the least being all of the dry air in that region and the orientation of the current Tutt cell over Cuba and the Yucatan Channel....It's definately a wait and see but I am not holding my breath on this one.
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2467. weathermanwannabe 12:42 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
TROPICAL DISCUSSION - INTERNATIONAL DESKS
NWS HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL PREDICTION CENTER CAMP SPRINGS MD
659 AM EDT TUE MAY 31 2011

PRELIMINARY DISCUSSION FOR PUERTO RICO AND THE USVI. A CLOSED LOW OVER SOUTHERN FLORIDA EXTENDS A TROUGH TO THE SOUTHWEST TO GUATEMALA/BELIZE-NORTHWEST CARIBBEAN. THIS SUSTAINS THE NORTHWARD
AMPLIFICATION OF THE SUBEQUATORIAL RIDGE ACROSS THE
CENTRAL/EASTERN CARIBBEAN INTO THE ATLANTIC NORTH OF PUERTO RICO/HISPANIOLA. THE SATELLITE DERIVED PWAT ANALYSIS SHOWS MOISTURE POOLING BETWEEN JAMAICA/EASTERN CUBA AND 20N 50W...WITH
MOIST TONGUE ENVELOPING HISPANIOLA-PUERTO RICO AND THE USVI. A TROPICAL WAVE ENTERED THE WINDWARD ISLANDS. THIS SUSTAINS AN ITCZ MOIST SURGE INTO THE SOUTHEAST CARIBBEAN. ITCZ CONVERGENCE ACROSS
THE SOUTHERN CARIBBEAN IS UNCOMMON FOR THIS TIME OF THE YEAR...WITH AXIS APPEARING NORTH OF ITS CLIMATOLOGICAL POSITION
.


It's an ITCZ thang............
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2468. caribbeantracker01 12:45 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
actually the low pressure seems to be forming rather fast and soon it will be designated as an invest looking at the rate of thunder storm activity and the current structure of the system!! however i do think it is waiting on one final energy from that wave to its east normally wen thunder storms fire up like this it is an indication it is however fighting of some factors
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2469. Gearsts 12:46 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Shear doesnt look super strong were the heavy convection is, I'll say 20kt to 25kt.
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2470. caribbeantracker01 12:49 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
i study a bit of cloud structures and looking at the visible sat one can tell that something is trying to form probably the only thing holding it back and at the same time helping it to survive is the location..it is embedded within the itcz.
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2471. ILwthrfan 12:49 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Carbon emissions from energy use hit record level, agency says

CNN) -- Carbon emissions from energy use reached a record level last year, up 5% from the previous record in 2008, the International Energy Agency said.

The Paris-based agency called the findings a "serious setback" to limit global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 F), which was set at the U.N. climate change talks in Cancun, Mexico, last year.

"Our latest estimates are another wake-up call," said Fatih Birol, chief economist at the IEA. "The world has edged incredibly close to the level of emissions that should not be reached until 2020 ... it will be extremely challenging to succeed in achieving this global goal agreed in Cancun."

Carbon emissions climbed to a record 30.6 gigatonnes in 2010. For the 2-degree goal to remain attainable, emissions in 2020 can't be greater than 32 gigatonnes.

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2472. Skyepony (Mod) 12:52 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Residents of southern Michigan were cleaning up on Monday after a violent storm ripped through the region, leaving at least 30,000 people without power, authorities said. The Sunday storm hit northern Illinois with heavy rains and lightning, canceling at least 400 flights at Chicago airports, before raking a stretch of southern Michigan from Kalamazoo to Detroit. No deaths or injuries were reported, officials said. The storm's 60-mile-per-hour winds drove heavy rain, uprooted hundreds of trees, ripped the roofs off buildings, and twisted billboards in and around Battle Creek, a city of 50,000 about 120 miles west of Detroit. "As of right now we are going around taking trees off of houses, clearing out roadways, and pushing all of the debris aside so emergency vehicles can get to people who need it," said Tyler Upston, 24, who owns a landscaping business in Battle Creek. "Tomorrow we will start the full clean up." About 34,000 people were still without power in Battle Creek's Calhoun County on Monday and "a significant number of Michigan residents are without power throughout the area hit by the storm," said Bob Dukesherer, a senior forecaster with the National Weather Service in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
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2473. IKE 12:56 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    



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2474. whadat 12:57 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
!
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2475. hurricaneben 1:02 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
so when will this most likely be declared an Invest?
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2477. RitaEvac 1:06 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Lets jack oil up since hurricane season starts tomm

WTI Crude Oil
$102.37 ▲1.78
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2478. IKE 1:13 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
NEW BLOG!
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2479. ackee 1:15 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
I wonder when will the NHC will mention the distrubuance in SW carib not even a yellow circle
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2480. jeffs713 1:16 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Quoting RitaEvac:
Lets jack oil up since hurricane season starts tomm

WTI Crude Oil
$102.37 ▲1.78

I thought it was "Lets jack up oil prices since it is a day that ends in Y, and my kid just got their tuition bill".
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2481. zoomiami 1:22 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
The water vapor is tantalizing close -- but doesn't look like it will get here any time soon.

Haven't really begun the rainy season here in Miami, and the pattern setting up doesn't look like there will be much for the next 8-10 days.

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2482. cre13 3:24 PM GMT op 31 mei 2011    
Quoting HurricaneSwirl:


Do you guys have sirens? Here in Macon, GA it's awfully hard to continue and go about what you're doing with deafening air raid sirens blaring.


No, we don't have sirens that go off for weather warnings. We have them but they are used for the volunteer fire department. The community is so used to hearing them to alert the volunteer fire fighters that they would ignore them if they were set off for weather reasons. I just don't have a clue about how to alarm these folks. People just seem to not care.
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2483. pressureman 1:01 AM GMT op 01 juni 2011    
Before all you people get to excited about florida being hit by a depression or storm it isn't going to happen the westerlies that are in the GOM are much to strong..If anything tries to move into the GOM it will be ripped to shreds...The conditions are much to hostile for this thing to develop...So for now the the tropics are quiet.
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2484. Patrap 10:41 PM GMT op 01 juni 2011    




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2485. RandyWeather 2:57 AM GMT op 02 juni 2011    
I got a login just so I can respond to Jeff's posting regarding tornado warnings. Earlier warnings won't save many lives. Here's why:

I have a sister who lives in Joplin. I was on the phone with her just minutes before the tornado struck. She said "Oh, we're having another tornado warning. I'm going to turn the TV off, we get so many of those. This graphically illustrates a problem of crying wolf - too many warnings that are not geographically relevant. Warnings are issued on a potential tornado miles away and moving away or parallel. That's one problem - people get jaded.

Second problem - there's no place to hide from a storm of that magnitude. Hardly any houses have basements anymore. I heard that the Joplin twister was warned 24 minutes before it struck. That's plenty of time to hunker down in the middle of your house, but a lot of people weren't saved by that, because the entire house was destroyed right down to the foundation.

To save lives: 1. make warnings meaningful; 2. encourage, somehow, the construction of shelters, hardened rooms, some place people can be safe.

Thanks,
RandyWeather
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2486. IKE 11:16 PM GMT op 15 juli 2011    
TROPICAL WEATHER OUTLOOK
NWS NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL
800 PM EDT FRI JUL 15 2011

FOR THE NORTH ATLANTIC...CARIBBEAN SEA AND THE GULF OF MEXICO...

TROPICAL CYCLONE FORMATION IS NOT EXPECTED DURING THE NEXT 48 HOURS.

$$
FORECASTER BEVEN
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About JeffMasters
Jeff co-founded the Weather Underground in 1995 while working on his Ph.D. He flew with the NOAA Hurricane Hunters from 1986-1990.

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